GRAINGROWERS are being urged to be mindful that early sowing under wet, warm conditions can reduce the length of efficacy of pre-emergent herbicides.
The warning comes on the back of a trial conducted by the WA No-Tillage Farmers Association (WANTFA) and funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC), investigating the breakdown of pre-emergent herbicides over time.
The trial results were presented at a GRDC Crop Updates.
WANTFA executive director David Minkey said they suspected certain chemicals decayed faster under particular conditions, but the trial results exceeded his expectations.
He said a clear message from the trial was not to rely on pre-emergent herbicides to provide adequate control under wet conditions when sowing in April.
The trial examined pre-emergent herbicides Sakura, Boxer Gold and TriflurX, which were sprayed onto various bare soil types in Cunderdin on different dates and moisture regimes over a two-year period.
“All the chemicals decayed faster than we anticipated,” Mr Minkey said.
“We did the trial early in the season when the soil was still warm and this contributed to the rate of decay.
“If we put the same applications out in late May, they would last a lot longer.”
Results showed the three herbicides decayed slowly in dry soils, but in wet and warm conditions, the rate of decay was the most rapid.
While all were deemed suitable for dry seeding, due to their persistence in the soil over the six-week period, Sakura had the slowest decay rate.
Sakura, from Bayer, uses the active ingredient pyroxasulfone to control annual ryegrass, barley grass, silver grass, annual phalaris and toad rush, and suppress wild oats (black oats) and brome grass in wheat (not durum wheat), triticale, chickpeas, field peas, lentils and lupins.
“If you are using these pre-emergent herbicides, be aware that Sakura will give you longer protection than Boxer Gold and TriflurX,” Mr Minkey said.
“Sakura offered the most protection of between four to six weeks, but this will also vary with conditions and soil types, so the protection period could potentially be even longer in some situations.
“However, efficacy was assessed under a non-competitive environment, with no crop sown, which could reduce the protective timeframe.”
The major germination of annual ryegrass in the Cunderdin area was predicted to be mid-May, so if sowing wet in mid-April, even with significant crop competition, Mr Minkey said most herbicide options would have run-out by that time, with the exception of Sakura.
“With a late April sowing, you would have protection from the major flush with all options, but not later flushes with TriflurX and maybe Boxer Gold,” he said.
“Sakura would give you some protection into early June.”
Mr Minkey said those looking to sow early should select their cleanest paddocks and try to ensure a dried-out surface and sub-surface if there had been rainfall.
Ideally he urged growers to try to hold-off at least until late April, to ensure pre-emergent herbicide applications would control the main ryegrass germination.
“Otherwise it’s a waste of time and money, and you are also exposing the weed population to a low dose of herbicide, which increases the risk of resistance building.’’
It’s a sentiment echoed by Elders Cunderdin and Dowerin agronomist Nicki Fleay who said with the season shaping up to be similar to last year, many growers in her region were likely to start sowing early.
She said growers needed to be aware of all their pre-emergent weed control options and mindful of developing herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass.
“There was a heavy population of annual ryegrass at the WANTFA trial site and while the resistance status was unknown, it’s going to be an increasing issue in the region,” Ms Fleay said.
“In this area we’ve got the soil moisture and conditions are warm, so we are going to potentially have a few problems later on with ryegrass germination.
“Growers need to choose their pre-emergent options carefully to get the timing right to ensure adequate protection and maximum residual effect.
“I would suggest choosing paddocks carefully if they are going in earlier.”
Ms Fleay said if paddocks were dirtier then a good knockdown was critical.
“We have quite a lot of ryegrass coming up, so that knockdown is essential - and to use robust rates, but it’s also important to rotate pre-emergent herbicides and mode of action groups,” she said.
“We’ve been increasingly mindful of herbicide resistance and trying to take trifluralin out of the mix where possible, which is where a herbicide such as Sakura comes in as it offers that different mode of action.”
