ADVANCEMENTS in the development of chickpea varieties that are better adapted to Western Australian conditions have been identified during a recent WA visit by Australia's leading chickpea breeding researchers.
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The project team from Chickpea Breeding Australia (CBA), a five-year $30 million partnership between the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI), visited WA in September to visit key trial sites and inspect the progress of new breeding lines in development.
CBA senior chickpea breeder Kristy Hobson said it had a bold plan to expand the breeding program's scale about 10-fold.
"Success will hinge upon accessing and integrating the best breeding technologies such as genomics and high-throughput phenotyping, as well as the latest in experimental design and data analytics," Dr Hobson said.
WA's chickpea production was almost decimated by a fungal outbreak of Ascochyta blight in the late 1990s, spread by winter rains, seeing 60,000 hectares of chickpea cropping reduced to 5000ha.
Dr Hobson said knowledge about the WA environment and farming systems was imperative to achieving CBA's aims.
She said it was vital selection for new chickpea varieties for WA graingrowers was undertaken within the State and embedded within WA's farming systems.
"To ensure new chickpea varieties are well-adapted to WA conditions, CBA has established six major chickpea evaluation and selection sites," Dr Hobson said.
"We are substantially increasing the number of potential new varieties for WA."
Key traits CBA is incorporating into chickpeas for WA graingrowers are tolerance to aluminium and cold temperatures during flowering (chilling tolerance), together with tools to assist in managing weeds (herbicide tolerance) and resistance to important diseases.
"The program is focusing on high-yielding, disease-resistant, low-risk chickpea varieties with improved harvestability," Dr Hobson said.
Disease resistance, in particular Ascochyta blight resistance, is a critical component to minimising the risk of growing chickpeas."
While inspecting breeding trial sites at Dalwallinu, Mingenew, Cunderdin, Northampton and Merredin during the trip, the CBA breeding team was excited to see the promise and diversity in adaption within the CBA breeding material.
"CBA Captain (PBR) is the first desi chickpea released by CBA with improved adaptation to WA environments," Dr Hobson said.
"It has a significant yield advantage over the most commonly grown variety while maintaining harvestability attributes sought by growers - that is, erect plant architecture and pods set high enough up the main stem to enable efficient harvest."
The next release planned for WA graingrowers is a variety with similar plant type to CBA Captain (PBR) but with improved resistance to Ascochyta blight.
Also in the pipeline is a CBA Captain (PBR)-related line with added herbicide tolerance, the original material was developed in a South Australian Research and Development Institute and GRDC project.
GRDC manager for pulses Francis Ogbonnaya said WA growers were a key target for CBA and its collaborators.
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"CBA is leveraging exciting progress in several chickpea focused research, development and extension projects," Dr Ogbonnaya said.
"The program is collaborating with pre-breeders and agronomists, as well as the full variety delivery pipeline to achieve their goals.
"CBA is working towards ensuring that Western Australian growers have access to chickpea varieties that they can grow profitably and sustainably, given the importance of pulse crops not just in farming systems, but as a cash crop in their own right."
